For new players, learning the numerous gambits, defenses, attacks and variations of chess openings can seem like an impossible task. Trying to learn detailed opening lines is not only unnecessary for beginners, but probably counterproductive.
Instead, new players should first learn the basic principles of chess openings. These principles not only set out a good, general guide on how to play the opening, but also help to make sense of more advanced opening theory.
Our first opening principle is control of the center. The center -- particularly, the squares e4, d4, e5 and d5 -- is the most important area of the chessboard; control of the center allows more mobility for the pieces, as well as easy access to all parts of the board. Attacks in the center also tend to be the most effective. These factors often turn the opening into a fierce battle for central control between the two sides.
In the diagram above, White has done an excellent job in establishing control of the center. His pawns on e4 and d4 control many key squares, while the knights on f3 and c3 are well placed to quickly jump wherever they may be needed.
Conversely, Black has played the first few moves poorly. His pawns on a5 and h5 do not influence the center at all, and his knights on a6 and h6 are limited in their movements.
