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Who are the most popular World Champions? The Web shows the way!
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(January 2003) Can the Web give us any clues about the relative popularity of the World Chess Champions? In November 2001, while working on an article about the World Champions, your humble Guide first tackled this question. If you're not familiar with the Champions, see the link in the right corner for their full names and the dates of their reigns.

The following tables show page statistics gathered from searches on Google (www.google.com). The searches were on the word chess plus the name of the champion. Anyone familiar with Google (and who isn't these days?) knows that these counts are approximate, but consistent across searches.

The column on the right shows page counts taken in November 2001, while two other columns show more recent counts for the same search. The columns headed '+/-' show the increase (or decrease) in the number of pages from one count to the next.

For example, Google counted 'about' 4050 chess pages mentioning Steinitz in 2001, and 4920 pages in October 2002, an increase of 21.5% pages. The latest count of 5,600 pages is an increase of 13.8% over a few months ago.

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The first table lists the 13 official, undisputed World Champions. What do these numbers tell us, if anything?

Champion Jan
2003
+/- Oct
2002
+/- Nov
2001
Steinitz 5,600 13.8% 4,920 21.5% 4,050
Lasker 19,200 139.7% 8,010 31.1% 6,110
Capablanca 19,300 139.8% 8,050 44.5% 5,570
Alekhine 24,100 178.0% 8,670 46.2% 5,930
Euwe 5,890 23.5% 4,770 14.4% 4,170
Botvinnik 17,700 154.7% 6,950 44.2% 4,820
Smyslov 5,180 39.6% 3,710 15.2% 3,220
Tal 22,100 24.9% 17,700 53.9% 11,500
Petrosian 4,810 29.0% 3,730 40.2% 2,660
Spassky 8,980 31.3% 6,840 43.7% 4,760
Fischer 53,000 60.6% 33,000 56.4% 21,100
Karpov 30,300 54.6% 19,600 39.0% 14,100
Kasparov 68,400 32.8% 51,500 25.3% 41,100

Garry Kasparov seems to be the most popular World Champion of all time. He was Champion for 15 years, his reign coincided with the development of the Internet, and he has always been a charismatic, entertaining promoter of the game. He has consistently maintained his world number 1 ranking since 1983, and his recent performance in the Bled Olympiad confirmed his enormous talent.

Bobby Fischer is number two on the list. Thirty years after he won the title and ten years after his last public game, he remains a controversial, enigmatic figure.

Anatoly Karpov and Mikhail Tal also rank high. Karpov was an active player until recently. He still plays from time to time, although his best days are behind him. The games of Tal, the Magician of Riga, have always fascinated the chess public with their surprising sacrifices and impenetrably complicated play.

The next group -- Lasker, Capablanca, Alekhine, & Botvinnik -- shows an inexplicable increase in pages from October to now, with Alekhine even overtaking Tal on the list. All four players figure on most lists of the 10 Best Players Ever, but why the sudden increase in pages : has Google uncovered a previously unknown collection of pages -or- has a chess archivist released a new database of games now being included in the counts? We'll come back to this mystery in a future article if we ever solve it.

The last group -- Steinitz, Euwe, Smyslov, Petrosian, & Spassky -- are usually named in Newsgroup discussions as candidates for the weakest World Champion of all time, not that there ever was such a thing as a weak World Champion! Steinitz, the first great theoretician, deserves more respect. His scientific approach laid the foundation for the spectacular 20th century advances in the theory of the game. Spassky, a much-feared attacking player in his heyday, suffers from the unwarranted stigma of being 'the Russian fellow that lost to Fischer in 1972'.

***

The following table shows players often considered as the unofficial champions before Steinitz.

Champion Jan
2003
+/- Oct
2002
+/- Nov
2001
Philidor 3,450 6.8% 3,230 59.9% 2,020
Bourdonnais 504 14.5% 440    
Labourdonnais 399 3.9% 384    
Staunton 11,600 17.9% 9,840 65.4% 5,950
Anderssen 5,110 112.9% 2,400 49.1% 1,610
Morphy 14,700 171.7% 5,410 30.4% 4,150

It's no surprise that Paul Morphy tops the list. Like Fischer, he quit the game while at his peak and his real strength remains a mystery. His January page count shows the same spectacular increase as for several official champions.

Howard Staunton is undoubtedly aided by many pages that mention the Staunton pattern for chess sets. How many Staunton pages are for the man, and how many for the set design, is anybody's guess.

Louis-Charles de La Bourdonnais is inconspicuous. It doesn't matter whether you search his name by its correct spelling or by the common Labourdonnais, there aren't many Web pages about him.

***

Jumping to more recent times, the following table shows a list of modern World Champions. For various reasons, each of these great players is also considered an 'unofficial' champion by approximately half of the chess world.

Champion Jan
2003
+/- Oct
2002
+/- Nov
2001
Khalifman 8,570 10.4% 7,760 39.8% 5,550
Kramnik 30,300 71.2% 17,700 11.3% 15,900
Anand 27,900 0.0% 27,900 49.2% 18,700
Ponomariov 10,400 -2.8% 10,700    

Vladimir Kramnik leads the list, although just three months ago he was lagging far behind Anand. Alexander Khalifman, who won his title in the 1999 FIDE Knockout at Las Vegas, probably owes his small but steady rise in popularity more to his tournament play than to his reign as champion.

Ruslan Ponomariov is the only player to show a decline in the number of pages over the past three months. He won his title in January 2002, and the news accounts of his exploit must be slowly disappearing from the Web. These will eventually be replaced by details of his future successes.

***

The final table shows the Women's World Champions. Here we have counts starting only last year.

Champion Jan
2003
+/- Oct
2002
   
Menchik 462 43.0% 323    
Gaprindashvili 1,740 12.3% 1,550    
Chiburdanidze 2,510 13.1% 2,220    
Polgar 13,800 7.0% 12,900    
Polgar Susan 769 4.1% 739    
Polgar Zsuzsa 943 22.3% 771    
Polgar Judit 8,200 7.9% 7,600    
Polgar Judith 1,260 4.1% 1,210    
Xie Jun 2,660 4.3% 2,550    
Zhu Chen 4,740 -11.6% 5,360    

Overall, the Women Champions have fewer pages then the men. Information on the champions between Vera Menchik and Nona Gaprindashvili is almost nonexistent.

The Polgar sisters present a particular search problem. Susan (Zsuzsa) Polgar, who won the Women's Championship in 1996, is under-represented. Her sister Judith, better known on the Web as Judit, declines to play for the women's title, but would easily win if she chose to do so.

The recent Chinese champions, Xie Jun and Zhu Chen, show a slight increase over the previous generation of Georgians, Gaprindashvili and Maya Chiburdanidze. Zhu Chen shows the same decrease as Ponomariov, probably for the same reason.

What does all this prove? Not much, although it can be used as a gauge for future measures of popularity. And now we have one more page mentioning all these great players.

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From Mark Weeks,
Your Guide to Chess.
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